Jul 10, 2025
To extract metals from ore mined in mines, the ore first needs to be crushed into fine particles. This crushing process is generally divided into three stages—coarse crushing, medium crushing, and fine crushing—based on the reduction in ore particle size from large to small, with different types of crushers used in each stage.
1. Jaw Crusher: generally used as the first step of coarse crushing
The jaw crusher is definitely a "veteran" among crushers. It looks a bit like a crocodile opening its big mouth and crushes materials by the opening and closing of two jaw plates. It mainly deals with ores with high hardness, such as granite, iron ore, concrete blocks, etc.
The working principle is simple: the fixed jaw plate and the movable jaw plate form a V-shaped crushing cavity. After the material enters, the movable jaw plate continuously approaches the fixed jaw plate, and the material is "crushed" by extrusion and bending force until the fragments are small enough to fall from the discharge port. Its advantages are strong processing capacity, simple and durable structure, and it is often used as a coarse crushing equipment to lay the foundation for subsequent crushing links.
2. Cone Crusher: A precision crusher
If the jaw crusher is "rough processing", then the cone crusher is "fine processing". Its core components are a moving cone and a fixed cone, forming an annular crushing cavity between them, which is shaped like a cone.
During operation, the moving cone rotates eccentrically around the axis of the fixed cone. The material is crushed into finer particles in the crushing cavity through extrusion, impact and grinding. The cone crusher has the advantages of high crushing efficiency and uniform product particle size. It is suitable for medium and fine crushing of high-hardness ores, such as gold ore and copper ore, and is widely used in mine mining.
3. Impact Crusher: Flexible crusher
The impact crusher relies on the high-speed rotating rotor to drive the plate hammer to violently impact the materials entering the crushing cavity. After being crushed, the materials will hit the impact plate for further crushing until they reach the required particle size.
It is characterized by a large crushing ratio (it can directly crush large materials into small particles), regular product shape, and can not only crush hard materials, but also easily handle brittle materials such as concrete blocks and bricks. Therefore, it is very popular in the fields of construction waste recycling and highway construction.
4. VSI: Crusher in the sand-making field
The VSI is specially designed for sand making. Its working principle is to use a high-speed rotating impeller to accelerate the material to a high speed, and then make the material collide violently with each other and between the material and the lining plate, so as to be crushed into sand grains.
This crushing method can produce sand with excellent particle shape, making up for the shortage of natural sand resources. In scenarios such as construction sand and concrete mixing stations, VSI are indispensable equipment.
Conclusion
From coarse crushing to fine crushing, from hard rock to waste materials, each type of crusher has its own place. The choice of crusher mainly depends on the hardness of the material, particle size requirements and production scenarios. Understanding their names and characteristics can not only help us better understand the industrial production process, but also feel the wisdom of human beings using mechanical power to transform the world. After all, turning "big guys" into "small guys" is also an important step in resource recycling.
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